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News from Thomas!

June 2, 2020
Since the beginning of the year, we have had the pleasure of following the skipper Thomas Galliache in his extraordinary adventures. Passionate about the sea and sailing, he took on the challenge of participating in the Mini Transat in 2021. ⛵
This crossing of the Atlantic is done alone, on a small sailboat of 6.50 meters, without assistance or communication in front of 80 competitors. For this challenge, a 2-year preparation is necessary.
Thomas is strongly motivated by environmental protection and, being a skipper, he witnesses the impact of plastics on the ocean.
Like each of us, he found himself deprived of his freedom and his training during confinement. It was therefore with great joy that he rediscovered the sea air and the gliding sensations.
In his latest news published today and entitled "From dream to reality", Thomas invites us to get away from it all during two journeys in Brittany.
"Navigating like on the first day, that's what happened to me from the time the confinement was lifted!" Two offshore offshore cruises followed one another, very varied conditions and a lot of fun. […] After a rapid descent on Belle-Île, a lap to shave the pebbles to nibble meters on the adversaries, it is a long ascent against the night wind which followed. Once at the Glénans, the grail: a long edge under spinnaker, the swell in the axis and wind. […] If we were motivated, the wind decided to give us company a good part of the start of the course. To get out of Lorient, no less than four hours were necessary, to take advantage of the slightest breath to weave along the coast and escape to Quiberon and the first sensations of gliding. "
Do not hesitate to follow him on social networks or to visit his website.

April 22, 2020, Unigreen
🌏 🦋International Day of the Earth nurturer 🐜 🌬

Today we celebrate the 50th International Earth Day ... All confined to our home, while the birds are singing! It's a pretty funny situation, the human animal is locked up while the rest enjoys peaceful freedom.

Gatherings should have taken place for this Earth Day, but ultimately it is from our home that we will be able to observe our planet take a second breath:
  • In France, greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced by 30% since confinement (14% worldwide)
  • From Pakistan to Tibet, locals observe the Himalayas from up to 200 km away.

  • In India, with 7 mega-cities, the air quality index improved by 33%
  • In Venice, the color of the water has regained a turquoise appearance following the drop in maritime traffic
  • In Nantes, swifts dance and sleep above our heads.
  • In parks and gardens, plants bring out their colors and scents
  • In the city, around the world, wild animals gather
  • In the countryside, birds and wild animals breed
  • National Geographic offers 24 hours of documentaries dedicated to nature
  • April 22, 2020, Unigreen
    🌏 🦋International Day of the Earth nurturer 🐜 🌬

    Today we celebrate the 50th International Earth Day ... All confined to our home, while the birds are singing! It's a pretty funny situation, the human animal is locked up while the rest enjoys peaceful freedom.

    Gatherings should have taken place for this Earth Day, but ultimately it is from our home that we will be able to observe our planet take a second breath:
    • In France, greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced by 30% since confinement (14% worldwide)
    • From Pakistan to Tibet, locals observe the Himalayas from up to 200 km away.

  • In India, with 7 mega-cities, the air quality index improved by 33%
  • In Venice, the color of the water has regained a turquoise appearance following the drop in maritime traffic
  • In Nantes, swifts dance and sleep above our heads.
  • In parks and gardens, plants bring out their colors and scents
  • In the city, around the world, wild animals gather
  • In the countryside, birds and wild animals breed
  • National Geographic offers 24 hours of documentaries dedicated to nature
  • PEACEFUL
    The April 6, 2020, Le Monde.fr

    Cyclone in Vanuatu

    "Vanuatu swept by the very powerful cyclone Harold
    Winds of over 230 km / h swept across the 80-island archipelago on Monday, which remains one of the few countries in the world to have seen no Covid-19 infection.

    Vanuatu was swept on Monday April 6 by winds blowing at 235 km / h from the very powerful cyclone Harold, a natural disaster that could complicate the archipelago's efforts to prevent the spread of the coronavirus.

    The storm, which left 27 people dead in the Solomon Islands last week, worsened overnight Sunday through Monday in a Category 5 cyclone, the highest in the world, Vanuatu Weather Services said. Authorities have raised the alert in several provinces of Vanuatu, a country of 80 islands spanning 1,300 km. The cyclone, which hit land on Monday morning on the west coast of the island of Espiritu Santo, the largest in the archipelago, was progressing towards Luganville, the second city of the country, which has 16,500 inhabitants. The cyclone is expected to pass Tuesday north of Port Vila, the capital.

    "For the moment, we have not received any information on possible injuries, but there is an enormous amount of damage," said Jacqueline de Gaillande, secretary general of the Red Cross in the archipelago. One of the concerns is the impact that the cyclone could have on the archipelago's efforts to remain one of the few countries in the world that has not yet seen any cases of Covid-19 infection. "
    COMPOST
    March 18, 2020, Unigreen

    INTERNATIONAL RECYCLING DAY

    A good compost is nitrogen and carbon

    Photo credit: Imbaud Verhaegen - IVmovies
    ENGINEERING
    March 4, 2020, UNESCO

    World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development

    "Engineering has always had a vital role in development and human well-being. Care must be taken to ensure that future generations of engineers and scientists are able to devise solutions to local and global challenges.

    The General Conference of UNESCO proclaimed March 4 World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development at its 40th session in November 2019 (40 C / 64), in order to raise awareness of the role of engineering in modern life , which is essential to mitigate the effects of climate change and promote sustainable development, especially in Africa and in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). "UNESCO
    FORESTS
    February 28, 2020, Greenpeace

    What if we ate less meat?

    "Forests are vital: by absorbing almost 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions, they are among our most precious and strongholds against climate change. Yet our forests are in danger. In Australia, in Southeast Asia, in the Congo Basin or in South America: everywhere in the world, forests are ravaged.

    In South America, for example, agro-industry poses serious threats to unique ecosystems. It is in particular because of the cultivation of soybeans, partly exported to Europe to feed our farm animals, that the forests are devastated. From Brazil to Argentina, two thirds of deforestation is due to the expansion of agricultural land.

    Across the globe, Greenpeace teams work daily to protect forests. "

    Cecile Leuba
    Forests Campaigner for Greenpeace


    Discover the link between deforestation and our agricultural model, in comics, by clicking here:
    Read the comic
    Current consumption: 1.6 kg / person / week
    Greenpeace objective: 300 g / person / week
    Photo credit: Imbaud Verhaegen - IVmovies
    BROADCASTS
    February 12, 2020, CliqueTV

    "You have to be serious"

    "Aurélien Barrau is Clique's guest. He is also the author of a hundred research articles and a dozen books for the general public. In his new book The greatest challenge in human history, he refines his point by analyzing the nature of oppositions to ecological thinking, while suggesting alternatives to suicidal immobility. On the set, he declares: “In all branches of life, most of the species have been killed. Since the start of agriculture, 60% of the forests have disappeared. ""
    start: 8 min
    Read Thomas Galliache's project

    Bamboo on the Ocean Sea

    At the origins of Unigreen was the Ocean. The idea of creating substitutes for plastic was partly born of the vision of its devastation on our oceans. Made from natural materials such as bamboo, they aim to stem this pollution which eliminates every day large swathes of maritime life.

    This intimate link uniting our company with the sea, made us want to associate with a young Breton skipper, Thomas Galliache. We want to support him in his wonderful solo transatlantic project, without assistance! The 6.50 mini class will take place in September 2021 and Unigreen will be wholeheartedly with Thomas to help him complete the 4000 miles between Les Sables d'Olonne and Saint-François in Guadeloupe.

    Thanks to him, our natural products will symbolically meet this plastic for which we want to replace them!

    The synergies between Unigreen and Thomas' project are numerous. He is a graduate engineer from EIGSI in La Rochelle, like Maryève Berthelot, founder of Unigreen. Their passion for the sea made them both meet the urgency of protecting it. Plastic on beaches is just a testimony to the immense discharge weighing on underwater ecosystems. Unigreen supports Thomas' project because it will allow us to focus on the submerged face of the plastic iceberg, enthroned in the middle of our oceans.

    The adventure of Thomas is also the story of a generation wishing to face the damage caused by plastic, to better face it tomorrow. Protecting our oceans involves raising awareness of the current emergency and its future consequences.

    Unigreen also wanted this partnership to lead to concrete actions. Until the start of the Transat, we will organize waste pickups on the beaches. We hope that these actions will multiply after his departure and be an opportunity to raise awareness about the origin of this waste.

    Together, Unigreen from the ground and Thomas from the sea, we want to participate in the fight against plastic!

    Because our ocean is worth it.

    Simon Desmares
    RESEARCH
    Monday January 20, 2020, Greenpeace
    The "POLE TO POLE" expedition on board the Esperanza and launched by Greenpeace in April 2019 is arriving today in Antarctica. The objective of this mission is to highlight the many threats to the oceans, and to call for the adoption of an ambitious international treaty allowing the creation of a network of marine reserves on the high seas, the only tool effective in protecting the oceans.
    expédition de l'arctique à l'antarctique Greenpeace uni green go bamboo
    CIRCULAR ECONOMY
    January 18, 2020, Use It Again

    Romain Pillard, a navigator who sets an example

    "The campaign started a little over a year ago Use It Again! was highlighted on the last Route du Rhum. By finishing 4th in the Ultimate category at the helm of his giant trimaran recycled according to the principles of the circular economy, Romain Pilliard and his team proved that a successful project could be integrated into a circular economy. At all scales, in all fields, it is possible to design things differently! The trimaran Use It Again! is a fine example of the transformation of civil society in order to conserve resources, and aims to be an influencer in the energy transition of companies. "

    The objectives of the Use It Again!
    1 // Publicize the circular economy in order to conserve our resources.
    2 // Find alternative solutions to materials used in boating, and which today come from the petrochemical industry.

    Since January 14, Romain Pillard is new ambassador for Dream Yacht Charter
    Photo credit: Imbaud Verhaegen - IVmovies
    Photo credit: Imbaud Verhaegen - IVmovies
    SHORT FILM
    January 15, 2020, Greenpeace

    Protect turtles

    "The studios Aardman, creators of Wallace and Gromit, Chicken Run and Shaun the sheep, have teamed up with Greenpeace to create a short film, highlighting the threats our oceans face and the importance of protecting them.
    Personalities like Bella Ramsey (Game of Thrones), David Harbor (Stranger Things), Olivia Colman (The Crown) and Helen Mirren (The Queen) lent their voices to the characters in the English version. "
    For further : Sea turtles are going badly ...
    "these are the animals that cross the ocean the most", these are bio indicators of the state of health of the oceans
    "there is always plastic waste in the stomach" (turtles moryour)
    EXPOSURE
    January 13, 2020, Montpellier.fr

    Exhibition "Indigenous people:odes to nature "

    From January 20, 2020 to February 14, 2020, in Montpellier
    The photographs of Christian Puech, citizen activist of biodiversity, present an immersion fruit of ten years of meetings as close as possible to the tribes of the world. In resonance with the immediate news and the climatic emergency, this exhibition open to all shows the beauty of nature and its indigenous peoples.
    DEBATE
    January 12, 2020, Zérodechetlyon.org

    Things are moving in Lyon

    Next Saturday, January 18, 2020, 6 p.m., Salle Paul Garcin, come and challenge the candidates in the metropolitan elections on the question of waste! Zero Waste Lyon invites you to its evening: the hour of a Zero Waste metropolis!
    AGIR
    January 11, 2020, Greenpeace

    World Oceans Treaty

    In view of the last phase of negotiations for the creation of a global treaty protecting the high seas, (organized by the United Nations, from March 23 to April 4) we invite you to sign this petition from Greenpeace which calls to protect 30% oceans by 2030.
    SHORT FILM
    January 10, 2020, Unigreen

    The Odyssey of the Brush

    We are pleased to present our second advertisement to you. She invites you to choose bamboo rather than plastic for the comfort of your mouth.

    We thank Simon Desmares, Alexis Besson and Victor Moysan for their participation.
    And we invite you to watch this masterpiece of cinema:
    2001, Kubrick's Space Odyssey.
    CIRCULAR ECONOMY
    January 9, 2020, Vie-publique.fr

    Fight against waste and circular economy

    The bill is structured around four main directions:
    1. stop waste to preserve natural resources
    2. mobilize industrialists to transform production methods
    3. strengthen consumer information
    4. improve waste collection and fight against illegal deposits
    [...]
    On December 19, 2019, the National Assembly in turn adopted the bill at first reading.MEPs voted in particular:
    the end of single-use plastic packaging by 2040 (in particular for fruit and vegetables weighing less than 1.5 kg from January 1, 2021 and for meals served on site, including fast food, from January 1, 2023);
    AUSTRALIA
    January 6, 2020, Le Monde

    The excess of fires across France

    "More than 8.4 million hectares have been destroyed by the giant fires in progress in Australia. It is more than thirteen times the average size of a French department.
    The bush fires that have been raging since September in Australia, favored by exceptional temperatures, surpass all records. Twenty-four people died in the fires, according to a report published Sunday January 5 by the Australian authorities. "

    That same day on France Inter: "500 million animals died".
    The humor of Tanguy Pastureau to listen to here (5 min):
    CIRCULAR ECONOMY
    January 3, 2020, Senate

    Fight against waste and circular economy

    Wednesday, January 8, 2020 at 9:30 am, the joint joint committee responsible for proposing a text on the provisions remaining under discussion of the bill on the fight against waste and the circular economy meets.
    THAILAND
    January 2, 2020, Vietnamplus

    Thailand bans use of single-use plastic bags from 2020

    "Thailand started the year with a ban on single-use plastic bags in major stores, continuing a campaign by government and retailers towards a full ban in 2021 to reduce litter and debris in the sea. [...] It reduced the use of plastic bags by 2 billion, or approximately 5,765 tonnes in 2019, in this first phase of a campaign to encourage the population to voluntarily refuse plastic bags in stores. "
    STOP PLASTIC
    January 1, 2020, France Inter

    Plates, cups, plastic cutlery: this January 1st is over

    "We will have to get rid of it: plastic cups and cutlery are now prohibited for sale on January 1, just like cotton swabs. A first step to considerably reduce the use of plastic, even if it will take several years. "
    NEW ZEALAND
    December 31, 2019, lepetitjournal.com

    Single-use plastic banned by
    the New Zealand government

    "In response to a new report on single-use plastic from Minister of Research and Science Megan Woods, the New Zealand government has banned non-compostable fruit stickers. So will cotton swabs and disposable plastic cutlery.

    New Zealand is looking to move forward after banning single-use plastic bags, a reform that has been very successful with the public. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern is particularly committed to this fight. "
    STOP PLASTIC
    December 30, 2019, Usine Nouvelle

    Mom, what does a day like without disposable plastics look like?

    "The National Assembly has just voted to ban disposable plastics in 2040. To understand the scope of this revolution - and its industrial implications - we have revisited a typical day. So, dystopia of an unreasonable decrease or utopia of a world where men have finally taken over the fate of the Earth?

    7 a.m. on a day in May 2040
    For breakfast, cereals are now, like pasta, packed in a cardboard box (without mineral oils). Their expiration date is limited to a few days by the air and moisture permeability of the packaging. Brioche is bought fresh, in a paper bag, like bread. The tea bags are now made of paper or, for the more expensive ones, cotton. Honey, jams and spread have all found their historic glass jars with metal lids, adorned with labels glued with vegetable glue. The milk is no longer sold except in the fresh section, for lack of UV protection long storage is no longer possible. Fruit juices are also sold in bulk or packaged in glass bottles (which some analyzes in life cycle question the interest, because of the weight to transport and the energy necessary for the production of glass). It was necessary to modify all the packaging lines of the agro-food factories and the modes of transport, whose carbon footprint has increased.

    7:30 am, in the bathroom
    Solid shampoo and soap are suspended in their net. The handle of the toothbrush is made of wood, the bristles of pig or boar bristles. Although it is not for single use, it is entered in the list of products "intended to be used only for a short time before being eliminated". The toothpaste tube is made of aluminum. Cosmetics have also returned to glass or metal packaging. For sanitary napkins, you have to choose between the stack of washable fabrics lined with waterproof fabric and those, disposable, made of cellulose (absorbent but not waterproof). Or opt for the durable solutions that have developed in recent years, menstrual cups and absorbent pants. "

    Read more on Usine Nouvelle:
    LEGISLATION
    December 24, 2019, Legifrance, Decree No. 2019-1451

    Prohibition of certain single-use plastic products

    "Public concerned: natural or legal persons delivering, using, distributing or making available, for a fee or free of charge, for the needs of their economic activity, certain single-use plastic products.
    Entry into force: the provisions of this decree enter into force on January 1, 2020 with the exception of the provisions of article 3 whose entry into force is scheduled for July 3, 2021.
    [...]
    Article 4
    Straws, cutlery, steak spikes, disposable glass lids, meal trays, ice cream jars, salad bowls, boxes and mixing sticks for beverages prohibition on making available. "
    SURF RATING
    Unigreen, according to the Ouest-France article of November 29, 2019

    Combinations made from tires ...

    We love it, we tell you about it! Because like them, surfing is part of our life, it allows us to immerse ourselves in the heart of life and swim in the great outdoors. But nevertheless, many not very natural materials constitute the panoply of the surfer. It is for this reason that we present to you today two companies that are following this same fight: using natural materials or waste to make everyday objects and thus reducing the use of oil and encouraging recycling.

    Olivier and Antoine are two from Nantes who have teamed up to offer cleaner and more durable neoprene suits. Made from limestone, 48 plastic bottles and recycled tires, they are known for their elasticity and resistance.

    For more info, we invite you to take a look at their website:

    STILL SURFED!
    Official brand website

    Surfboards made from bio-composites ...

    "As a surfer, the ocean is our playground. If we want our children and future generations to continue surfing, we must respect and protect this natural environment. However, despite too few local initiatives, the surfboards we use are still too polluting, non-recyclable and toxic to the marine environment. This is the surfer's paradox.

    Today, thanks to the development of bio-composite materials and3D printing large format, we have developed a new generation of surfboards, composed only of natural or recycled materials: YUYO. "
    BIODIVERSITY
    20 minutes, Monday December 9

    COP 25: Protecting biodiversity and fighting global warming, same fight?

    • Dhe increasing number of political declarations place biodiversity and climate issues on an equal footing. This was also the case in Prime Minister Edouard Philippe's speech at COP 25 in Madrid on December 2.
    • SEbastien Treyer, director of the Iddri think-tank, hopes that this COP 25 will make it possible to go further in the association of these two themes. No longer only in speeches but also in action by advocating nature-based solutions.
    AGIR
    WWF

    Save the nature of plastic pollution

    Each year, 8 million tonnes of plastics end up in our oceans. Call on governments around the world to act to end this crisis before it is too late.

    Plastics are invading us. From the beaches of Indonesia to the Arctic, they silently suffocate our planet. The Mediterranean is becoming a plastic trap with record levels of microplastics that threaten marine species and our health. Most plastics are only used once before turning into waste. Plastics have contaminated land, rivers and oceans.

    OCEANS
    France Inter, December 7

    COP25 :report says oceans are starved for oxygen

    The ocean is starting to run out of oxygen, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN. The researchers had already shown that the oceans had become acidified, because of CO2 emissions linked to human activities, this time they point the finger at the harmful effects of lack of oxygen on fish in particular.

    The report, based on the work of 67 experts ... read more:
    © Getty / Tor Johnson
    BAMBOO
    Ocean Press, November 29

    In Nantes, Unigreen says stop to plastic

    Plastic is destined to disappear from our daily life, little by little. And companies that offer alternatives are flourishing in many areas. Bamboo toothbrush, straws of various materials ... The Nantaise Maryève Berthelot decided to go into battle.

    It has just launched Unigreen to market products made from alternatives to plastics. “I had the trigger during a trip to New Zealand. I met a New Zealander who has invested in this area. It works well there because they have a strong awareness of environmental issues. Then there is the meeting with Clémence Monnier and the decision to try something together. "

    Among the products they offer: bamboo toothbrushes, customizable, Japanese cleaning brush in coconut fiber, clothespins and cutlery in bamboo and stainless steel straws. “We tried the bamboo straws but the water remains partly and causes mold. What we avoid with stainless steel, ”explains the 27-year-old entrepreneur.

    Fancy made in France

    Maryève Berthelot is aware that, for the moment, her products are not 100% natural because they are made in Asia (China, Japan and Sri Lanka). "We are barely starting and we do not have the financial means to produce in France but that’s our long-term wish. She invested € 7,000 in her personal savings to create the project. “I work Anglo-Saxon: first the action, then the adjustment according to the results. "

    Their target? Individuals but also companies such as hotels, airlines, foodtrucks for cutlery or even events ...
    BOYCOTTBLACKFRIDAY
    Unigreen closes shop, November 27
    YOUTH FOR CLIMATE
    Ocean Press, Wednesday November 27, 2019

    New marketfor the climate

    "Environment. The local group Youth For Climate Nantes is mobilizing after the call of the youth to go on strike on Black Friday, Friday.
    To respond to the global appeal launched by young activist Greta Thunberg, the local group Youth for Climate Nantes is mobilizing again this Friday 29 to counter Black Friday, "to reject this world of hyper-consumption and hyper- production". "After the success of the three global strikes for the climate and the living of March 15, May 24 and September 20, which brought together more than 25,000 people in Nantes without incident, we continue our mobilization with the demand: Listen to the scientists and act in consequence "explains the local group YouthForClimate Nantes.
    At 12 noon, there is a convergence of high school and student processions towards Place Bretagne with a zero waste picnic, food-trucks, speaking out around Black Friday and an associative village. At 3 p.m., start of the Climate and Living Walk for a walk in the shopping streets of Nantes.
    In the evening, entertainment in various bars in the city, in conjunction with the Culture Bar-Bar collective, is planned. "
    READINGS & DEBATES
    The big bookshop, Wednesday November 27, 2019, at 8:52 p.m.

    "Save the planet"

    What solutions to save our planet? Is it already too late? The answers are in our bookstores and on the set of The Great Bookstore. To talk about it, François Busnel receives astrophysicist Hubert Reeves, ecologist, philosopher, writer and farmer Pierre Rabhi, the Research Director at CNRS, Emmanuelle Puydebat, paleontologist Pascal Picq and Cyril Dion, writer, director.
    OCEANS
    Tuesday, November 26, 2019, on France 2

    Hugo Clément "On the ocean front"

    This new and innovative format (linear and digital), Hugo Clément takes us closer to the women and men who are fighting to defend the planet. Where there is emergency. Meet those who dedicate their lives to protecting ecosystems.

    Cabo Pulmo National Park(Mexico):
    more than 300 species of fish, because it is a protected area, proliferation of species.
    Guillaume Néry :
    "We must create sanctuaries"

    Toulon: 2 km away:"A world teeming with an empty shell"La Gabinière // Porquerolles
    See the replay:
    ENERGIES
    published in the Courrier International of November 21

    Solar gaining ground in Africa

    While more than half of Africans do not have access to electricity, solar energy is booming on the continent. In 2016, Morocco inaugurated the first tranche of Noor station, which aims to become "the largest multitechnological solar complex in the world" underlines the weekly Tel Quel.
    GREEN SPACES
    published in the Courrier International of November 21

    Montreal wants to breathe

    Montreal wants to breathe. An urban park that will be eight times the size of Central Park in the west of the island of Montreal: this is what recently announced to want to develop the mayor of the city, Valérie Plante. According to his remarks reported by Radio-Canada, the objective is to make the city "more resilient and sustainable in the face of climate change". The bet is far from being won, because the project includes land planned for the construction of a huge residential project. If all goes well, the improvements should start in 2021 and continue until 2030.
    BIODIVERSITY
    published in the Courrier International of November 21

    Corals in vitro

    A first which raises hopes for the safeguard of this endangered species. August 17 was a completely new event. In the darkness of a Florida aquarium, around 30 Dendrogyra cylindricus corals, also called candle corals, began to spawn simultaneously. […] In the wild, these male and female gametes only meet once a year during a meticulously timed orgy that takes place just after the new moon in August.

    OnEarth, New York, October 28.
    West France, November 20




    Magazine The research
    November 2019

    Editorial
    “Three reports, one record. In this year 2019, these are three fundamental documents that the IPCC (1) has returned. On global warming to 1.5 ° C and its consequences; on land areas; on the oceans and the cryosphere. Three blows from clubs struck on the international scene. The blow was given on September 25 during the presentation, in Geneva, of the 800 pages of the last opus. A cry of alarm before the melting ice and tomorrow's sea level rise. "

    Page 34
    "How can we make the most of our soils?" […]
    The first includes the avoidance strategy. […] The second category of solutions concerns improving the management of agricultural systems, pastoral systems, forests. Some practices emit less greenhouse gases than others and store more CO2. These management methods are known and are not necessarily the same in each region.

    Page 36
    Coastal populations on the front line.
    In 2100: + 1.5 to 4.8 ° C, sea level: between 30 and 100 cm more
    […]. Global warming, in addition to accelerating the melting of glaciers, also upsets the balance of ocean currents. In the long term, it can disrupt and globally affect the climate by significantly transforming heat transport. The ocean stores 93% of the heat produced by human activity, which limits the increase in temperature in the air. This buffer effect also has a reverse. By absorbing the CO2, the water acidifies, and by capturing the heat from the atmosphere, it also warms up. This has serious consequences on the dynamics of currents and on exchanges with the atmosphere. "The rise in sea level combined with the rise in temperatures risks accelerating the frequency of extreme climatic events", notes Françoise Gaill.
    Profound changes in our lifestyles are to be expected. This report (LINK) even describes a new world for decades to come. Since 1982, the frequency of marine heat waves has doubled and their intensity has increased. According to scientists' projections, they will be 20 times more frequent if warming is kept below 2 ° C, against 50 times in the worst scenarios. […]
    The report speaks of 280 million people displaced by rising sea levels by the end of the century.

    Permafrost, a threat under the ice, page 38
    "The IPCC report states that the permafrost in arctic and boreal regions contains between 1460 and 1600 billion tonnes of carbon! This is almost twice the carbon present in the atmosphere today." [...]


    How to reconcile our food with the climate, Cheikh Mbow, page 39
    "However, this modern" agriculture "has had many consequences, on the one hand on the integrity of ecosystems, on the other hand on the health of the populations of rich countries. The race for abundance, a corollary of economic wealth, has led, in Europe and North America, to soil depletion and overconsumption of food. […]
    We have entered an unprecedented period of food imbalances. […]
    The global food system is responsible for the majority of emissions in the Afolu category (agriculture, forestry and other land use), but also for energy consumption from storage, transport, packaging, the processing, preparation and marketing of food and the resulting food waste. In total, food systems account for 22 to 35% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. "

    4 strategic axes for resilient productivity, page 41
    1 - Reduce losses and waste
    2 - Change eating habits.
    Around the world, food is evolving towards high-calorie diets mainly of animal origin, fats, sugars and sweeteners which contribute to increasing greenhouse gas emissions. A rebalancing towards diets richer in fruits, vegetables, seeds and nuts is necessary. […] In developed countries, less meaty diets rich in fruits, vegetables and seeds reduce the risks of certain forms of cancer, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
    3 - Bridging crop yield gaps around the world
    4 - Adopt sustainable agricultural practices

    […]

    "The path to resilient productivity and an environment that preserves the natural conditions of production has been mapped out. But the temptation to find solutions offering immediate gain remains acute. Should we continue to follow our economic model blindly in the face of a growing threat to humanity or choose a direction finally combining economic progress with social justice and environmental benefits? "

    __________________________________

    The Guardian
    October 29, 2019
    83 ...
    This is the equivalent, in millions of bottles, of the amount of plastic waste that will potentially be produced by Halloween celebrations on October 31 in the United Kingdom, according to a study by associations specializing in the environment Hubbub and Fairyland Trust.


    ___________________________________

    West France
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